Resolving crises through automated bilateral negotiations,
S. Kraus, P. Hoz-Weiss and J. Wilkenfeld.
Artificial
Intelligence journal.

Abstract

We describe the development of an automated agent that can
negotiate efficiently with people in crises. The environment is
characterized by two negotiators, time constraints, deadlines, full
information, and the possibility of opting out. The agent can play
either role, with communications via a pre-defined language. The
model used in constructing the agent is based on a formal analysis
of the crises scenario using game-theoretic methods and heuristics
for bargaining.  The agent receives messages sent by its opponent,
analyzes them and responds.  It also initiates discussion on one or
more parameters of an agreement. Experimental results of simulations
of a fishing dispute between Canada and Spain indicate that the
agent played at least as well as, and in the case of Spain,
significantly better than a human player.