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@MastersThesis{eli-msc,
author = {Eliahu Khalastchi},
title = {Anomaly Detection in Unmanned Vehicles},
school = {{B}ar {I}lan {U}niversity},
year = {2011},
OPTkey = {},
OPTtype = {},
OPTaddress = {},
OPTmonth = {},
note = {Available at \url{http://www.cs.biu.ac.il/~galk/Publications/b2hd-eli-msc.html}},
OPTannote = {},
  wwwnote = {}, 
  abstract = {
Autonomy implies robustness. The use of unmanned (autonomous)  vehicles is 
appealing for tasks which are dangerous or dull. However, increased reliance on 
autonmous robots increases reliance on their robustness. Even with validated software, 
physical faults can cause the controlling software to perceive the environment 
incorrectly, and thus to make decisions that lead to task failure. 
Model-based diagnosis and fault-detection systems have been proposed 
to recognize failures. However, these rely on the capabilities of 
the underlying model, which necessarily abstracts away from the physical 
reality of the robot. 
We present two novel, model-free, domain independent 
approaches for detecting anomalies in unmanned autonomous vehicles, based on 
their sensor readings (internal and external). Both approaches use the familiar 
Mahalanobis Distance for the online anomaly detection. The first approach uses an 
\emph{offline} training process. With this approach, we show the importance of a 
training process, which enables the Mahalanobis Distance to detect 
anomalies successfully. The second approach uses an \emph{online} training process, in a 
way that is light-weight, and is able to take into account a large number of 
monitored sensors and internal measurements. These properties make the approach  
a ``plug \& play'' anomaly detection mechanism for different robotic platforms. 
We demonstrate a specialization of the Mahalanobis Distance for robot use, and also show how 
it can be used even with very large dimensions, by online selection of correlated measurements for its use. 
We empirically evaluate these contributions in different domains: 
commercial Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs), a vacuum-cleaning robot, a high-fidelity 
flight simulator, and an electrical power system. We find that the online 
Mahalanobis distance technique, presented here, is superior to previous methods. 
 },
}